心力衰竭的分类和阶段
It is important to remember that many people with heart failure lead full, enjoyable lives. Also, not all heart failure is the same.
心力衰竭会恶化, so researchers have identified four stages of the disease — A, B, C和D. Health care professionals also classify heart failure when it has progressed to stages C和D. This classification measures a patient’s overall heart function and severity of symptoms.
心力衰竭的阶段
In collaboration with the American College of Cardiology, the AHA has identified four stages of heart failure. 下表对它们进行了描述.
|
阶段一: |
People who are at risk for heart failure but do not yet have symptoms or structural or functional heart disease Risk factors for people in this stage include hypertension, 冠状动脉疾病, 糖尿病, 肥胖, 接触心脏毒性物质, genetic variants for cardiomyopathy and family history of cardiomyopathy |
| 阶段2: Pre-heart失败 |
People without current or previous symptoms of heart failure but with either structural heart disease, increased filling pressures in the heart or other risk factors |
| 阶段C: 症状性心力衰竭 |
People with current or previous symptoms of heart failure |
| D阶段: 晚期心力衰竭 |
People with heart failure symptoms that interfere with daily life functions or lead to repeated hospitalizations |
心力衰竭的分类
By classifying patients in stage C and stage D heart failure, health care professionals better understand how to treat people in these more advanced stages. Health care professionals typically classify patients' heart failure according to the severity of their symptoms.
The most commonly used classification system, the New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification1, places patients in one of four categories based on limitations of physical activity.
If you are diagnosed with stage C or stage D heart failure, your health care professional will give you an NYHA Functional Classification as a baseline. 然后, 当你接受治疗时, your health care professional will assign another classification of your condition, allowing your care team to measure how well treatment is working.
The table below describes the different classes in the NYHA Functional Classification.
| Class | 病人的症状 |
| I | 不限制身体活动. Ordinary physical activity does not cause undue fatigue, palpitation or shortness of breath. |
| II | Slight limitation of physical activity. 舒适的休息. Ordinary physical activity results in fatigue, palpitation, shortness of breath or chest pain. |
| 3 | Marked limitation of physical activity. 舒适的休息. Less than ordinary activity causes fatigue, palpitation, shortness of breath or chest pain. |
| IV | 休息时心脏衰竭的症状. Any physical activity causes further discomfort. |
Each state has its own agency that regulates and issues driver licenses, 车辆登记, 还有残疾人停车牌. This branch is usually called the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV). People who need a disability parking placard should contact their state agency directly.
1 Adapted from Dolgin M, Association NYH, Fox AC, Gorlin R, Levin RI, New York Heart Association. 标准委员会. Nomenclature and criteria for diagnosis of diseases of the heart and great vessels. 9日艾德. Boston, MA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; March 1, 1994.
Original source: 标准委员会, New York Heart Association, Inc. Diseases of the Heart and Blood Vessels. Nomenclature and Criteria for diagnosis, 6th edition Boston, Little, Brown and Co. 1964, p 114.
©1994美国心脏协会，Inc.
